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同一ファイル内での複数の名前空間の定義

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

複数の名前空間を同一ファイル内で宣言することもあります。この場合の構文は次の 2 通りです。

例1 シンプルな組み合わせ方式による複数の名前空間の宣言

<?php
namespace MyProject;

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }

namespace AnotherProject;

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }
?>

この構文は、複数の名前空間をひとつのファイルに含める場合の方法としてはお勧めしません。かわりに、次の波括弧構文を使うことを推奨します。

例2 波括弧構文による複数の名前空間の宣言

<?php
namespace MyProject {

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }
}

namespace AnotherProject {

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }
}
?>

ただ、複数の名前空間をひとつのファイルに記述するようなコーディングはできるだけ避けるべきです。主な使い道としては、複数の PHP スクリプトをひとつのファイルにまとめるときくらいでしょう。

名前空間に属さないグローバルなコードを名前空間つきのコードと組み合わせるときには、波括弧構文しか使用できません。グローバルなコードは、名前空間の名前を指定しない namespace 文で囲みます。たとえば次のようになります。

例3 複数の名前空間および名前空間に属さないコードの宣言

<?php
namespace MyProject {

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }
}

namespace { // グローバルコード
session_start();
$a = MyProject\connect();
echo MyProject\Connection::start();
}
?>

namespace の波括弧の外側に書くことができる PHP コードは、最初の declare 文だけです。

例4 複数の名前空間および名前空間に属さないコードの宣言

<?php
declare(encoding='UTF-8');
namespace MyProject {

const CONNECT_OK = 1;
class Connection { /* ... */ }
function connect() { /* ... */  }
}

namespace { // global code
session_start();
$a = MyProject\connect();
echo MyProject\Connection::start();
}
?>

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User Contributed Notes 6 notes

down

100

leaksin [ at ] gmail [ dot ] com ¶

11 years ago

using of global namespaces and multiple namespaces in one PHP file increase the complexity and decrease readability of the code.
Let's try not use this scheme even it's very necessary (although there is not)

down

jigar dot vy at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago

<?php

// You cannot mix bracketed namespace declarations with unbracketed namespace declarations - will result in a Fatal error

namespace a;

echo "I belong to namespace a";

namespace b {
    echo "I'm from namespace b";
}

down

Rahul Sonar ¶

9 years ago

<?php
//Namespace can be used in this way also
namespace MyProject {

function connect() { echo "ONE";  }
    Sub\Level\connect();
}

namespace MyProject\Sub {
    
function connect() { echo "TWO";  }
    Level\connect();
}

namespace MyProject\Sub\Level {
    
    function connect() { echo "THREE";  }    
    \MyProject\Sub\Level\connect(); // OR we can use this as below
    connect();
}

down

dominic_mayers at yahoo dot com ¶

8 years ago

If you have the habit to always use the closing PHP tag "?>" in your test files, remember that with the bracketed syntax code outside the brackets, including new lines outside the PHP tags,  is not allowed.  In particular, even though PHP sees a new line after the closing tag  as a part of the line and eats it, some editors, such as  Gedit, Gvim, Vim and Nano in Ubuntu,  will  add yet another new line after this new line and this will create an error.

down

dauser at daexample dot com ¶

7 years ago

There are rational examples of where the ability to blend multiple namespaces into a single file is not only desirable but also absolutely necessary.  An example of where this ability is useful is over in the very popular phpseclib library where they are PSR-4 compliant but, in order to be compliant, they have to read a directory of files to know what classes are available so that the autoloader can load the correct files.  If they, instead, just bundled the defaults into one file using this mechanism already supported by PHP core, there would be no need to do extraneous scanning of the file system.

That's just one legitimate use-case where strict compliance with PSRs gets in the way of good software development.

down

Ishan Fernando ¶

9 years ago

//call same named function using namespace

//food.php

<?php
namespace Food;

require ('Apple.php');
require('Orange.php');

use Apples;
use Oranges;

  Apples\eat();
  Oranges\eat();
 ?>

//Apple.php
<?php
namespace Apples;

function eat()
{
  echo "eat apple";
}
?>

//Orange.php
<?php
namespace Oranges;

function eat()
{
  echo "eat Orange";
}
?>

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