PHPのお勉強!

PHP TOP

isset

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

isset変数が宣言されていること、そして null とは異なることを検査する

説明

isset(mixed $var, mixed ...$vars): bool

変数がセットされているかを調べます。 これは変数が宣言されており、 null とは異なる値だということです。

変数が、unset() により割当を解除された場合、 もはやセットされているとは見做されません。

null が代入されている変数をチェックしたときは、 isset()false を返します。 null文字 ("\0") は PHP の null 定数とは異なることにも注意してください。

複数のパラメータが渡された場合は、 isset() は全てのパラメータがセットされている場合にだけ true を返します。 評価は左から右へと行われ、セットされていない値に出会うとすぐに評価が止まります。

パラメータ

var

調べたい変数。

vars

別の変数。

戻り値

var が存在して null 以外の値をとれば true、 そうでなければ false を返します。

例1 isset() の例

<?php

$var
= '';

// これは TRUE と評価されるので、テキストが出力される
if (isset($var)) {
echo
"This var is set so I will print.";
}

// 次の例では、isset() の戻り値を出力するため var_dump を
// 使用している

$a = "test";
$b = "anothertest";

var_dump(isset($a)); // TRUE
var_dump(isset($a, $b)); // TRUE

unset ($a);

var_dump(isset($a)); // FALSE
var_dump(isset($a, $b)); // FALSE

$foo = NULL;
var_dump(isset($foo)); // FALSE

?>

この関数は配列の要素に対しても動作します:

<?php

$a
= array ('test' => 1, 'hello' => NULL, 'pie' => array('a' => 'apple'));

var_dump(isset($a['test'])); // TRUE
var_dump(isset($a['foo'])); // FALSE
var_dump(isset($a['hello'])); // FALSE

// キー 'hello' は NULL と等しいのでセットされていないと見なされる。
// もし NULL なキー値に対してチェックを行いたい場合、次を試してみること:
var_dump(array_key_exists('hello', $a)); // TRUE

// 配列の深い要素の値のチェック
var_dump(isset($a['pie']['a'])); // TRUE
var_dump(isset($a['pie']['b'])); // FALSE
var_dump(isset($a['cake']['a']['b'])); // FALSE

?>

例2 文字列のオフセットに対する isset()

<?php
$expected_array_got_string
= 'somestring';
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string['some_key']));
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string[0]));
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string['0']));
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string[0.5]));
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string['0.5']));
var_dump(isset($expected_array_got_string['0 Mostel']));
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(false)
bool(false)

注意

警告

isset() は何らかの値が渡された 変数の場合のみ動作します。そうでない場合、パースエラーとなります。 もし 定数 が設定されているかどうかをチェックする場合は、 defined() を使用してください。

注意: これは、関数ではなく 言語構造のため、可変関数名前付き引数 を用いてコールすることはできません。

注意:

オブジェクトのアクセス不能なプロパティに対して isset() を使用した場合は、もしオーバーロードメソッド __isset() が宣言されていればそれをコールします。

参考

  • empty() - 変数が空であるかどうかを検査する
  • __isset()
  • unset() - 指定した変数の割当を解除する
  • defined() - 指定した名前の定数が存在するかどうかを調べる
  • PHP 型の比較表
  • array_key_exists() - 指定したキーまたは添字が配列にあるかどうかを調べる
  • is_null() - 変数が null かどうか調べる
  • エラー制御演算子 @

add a note

User Contributed Notes 17 notes

up
114
p_ignorethis_lbowers at gmail dot com
8 years ago
I, too, was dismayed to find that isset($foo) returns false if ($foo == null). Here's an (awkward) way around it.

unset($foo);
if (compact('foo') != array()) {
do_your_thing();
}

Of course, that is very non-intuitive, long, hard-to-understand, and kludgy. Better to design your code so you don't depend on the difference between an unset variable and a variable with the value null. But "better" only because PHP has made this weird development choice.

In my thinking this was a mistake in the development of PHP. The name ("isset") should describe the function and not have the desciption be "is set AND is not null". If it was done properly a programmer could very easily do (isset($var) || is_null($var)) if they wanted to check for this!

A variable set to null is a different state than a variable not set - there should be some easy way to differentiate. Just my (pointless) $0.02.
up
44
kurdtpage at gmail dot com
8 years ago
The new (as of PHP7) 'null coalesce operator' allows shorthand isset. You can use it like so:

<?php
// Fetches the value of $_GET['user'] and returns 'nobody'
// if it does not exist.
$username = $_GET['user'] ?? 'nobody';
// This is equivalent to:
$username = isset($_GET['user']) ? $_GET['user'] : 'nobody';

// Coalescing can be chained: this will return the first
// defined value out of $_GET['user'], $_POST['user'], and
// 'nobody'.
$username = $_GET['user'] ?? $_POST['user'] ?? 'nobody';
?>

Quoted from http://php.net/manual/en/migration70.new-features.php#migration70.new-features.null-coalesce-op
up
41
a dot schaffhirt at sedna-soft dot de
16 years ago
You can safely use isset to check properties and subproperties of objects directly. So instead of writing

isset($abc) && isset($abc->def) && isset($abc->def->ghi)

or in a shorter form

isset($abc, $abc->def, $abc->def->ghi)

you can just write

isset ($abc->def->ghi)

without raising any errors, warnings or notices.

Examples
<?php
$abc
= (object) array("def" => 123);
var_dump(isset($abc)); // bool(true)
var_dump(isset($abc->def)); // bool(true)
var_dump(isset($abc->def->ghi)); // bool(false)
var_dump(isset($abc->def->ghi->jkl)); // bool(false)
var_dump(isset($def)); // bool(false)
var_dump(isset($def->ghi)); // bool(false)
var_dump(isset($def->ghi->jkl)); // bool(false)

var_dump($abc); // object(stdClass)#1 (1) { ["def"] => int(123) }
var_dump($abc->def); // int(123)
var_dump($abc->def->ghi); // null / E_NOTICE: Trying to get property of non-object
var_dump($abc->def->ghi->jkl); // null / E_NOTICE: Trying to get property of non-object
var_dump($def); // null / E_NOTICE: Trying to get property of non-object
var_dump($def->ghi); // null / E_NOTICE: Trying to get property of non-object
var_dump($def->ghi->jkl); // null / E_NOTICE: Trying to get property of non-object
?>
up
32
yaogzhan at gmail dot com
19 years ago
If you have

<?PHP
class Foo
{
protected
$data = array('bar' => null);

function
__get($p)
{
if( isset(
$this->data[$p]) ) return $this->data[$p];
}
}
?>

and
<?PHP
$foo
= new Foo;
echo isset(
$foo->bar);
?>
will always echo 'false'. because the isset() accepts VARIABLES as it parameters, but in this case, $foo->bar is NOT a VARIABLE. it is a VALUE returned from the __get() method of the class Foo. thus the isset($foo->bar) expreesion will always equal 'false'.
up
26
beuc at beuc dot net
18 years ago
"empty() is the opposite of (boolean) var, except that no warning is generated when the variable is not set."

So essentially
<?php
if (isset($var) && $var)
?>
is the same as
<?php
if (!empty($var))
?>
doesn't it? :)

!empty() mimics the chk() function posted before.
up
17
mandos78 AT mail from google
16 years ago
Careful with this function "ifsetfor" by soapergem, passing by reference means that if, like the example $_GET['id'], the argument is an array index, it will be created in the original array (with a null value), thus causing posible trouble with the following code. At least in PHP 5.

For example:

<?php
$a
= array();
print_r($a);
ifsetor($a["unsetindex"], 'default');
print_r($a);
?>

will print

Array
(
)
Array
(
[unsetindex] =>
)

Any foreach or similar will be different before and after the call.
up
17
soywiz at php dot net
18 years ago
Sometimes you have to check if an array has some keys. To achieve it you can use "isset" like this: isset($array['key1'], $array['key2'], $array['key3'], $array['key4'])
You have to write $array all times and it is reiterative if you use same array each time.

With this simple function you can check if an array has some keys:

<?php
function isset_array() {
if (
func_num_args() < 2) return true;
$args = func_get_args();
$array = array_shift($args);
if (!
is_array($array)) return false;
foreach (
$args as $n) if (!isset($array[$n])) return false;
return
true;
}
?>

Use: isset_array($array, 'key1', 'key2', 'key3', 'key4')
First parameter has the array; following parameters has the keys you want to check.
up
7
ayyappan dot ashok at gmail dot com
8 years ago
Return Values :
Returns TRUE if var exists and has value other than NULL, FALSE otherwise.

<?php
$a
=NULL;
$b=FALSE; //The out put was TRUE.
$c=TRUE;
$d='';
$e="";
if(isset(
$b)):
echo
"TRUE";
else:
echo
"FALSE";
endif;
?>
Could any one explain me in clarity.
up
4
Hayley Watson
7 years ago
If you regard isset() as indicating whether the given variable has a value or not, and recall that NULL is intended to indicate that a value is _absent_ (as said, somewhat awkwardly, on its manual page), then its behaviour is not at all inconsistent or confusing.

It's not just to check for uninitialised variables - a lot of the time those are just due to sloppy coding. There are other ways a variable could fail to have a value (e.g., it's meant to hold the value returned from a function call but the function didn't have a value to return) where uninitialising the variable would not be an option nor even make sense (e.g., depending on what was to be done with the returned value).
up
10
Cuong Huy To
13 years ago
1) Note that isset($var) doesn't distinguish the two cases when $var is undefined, or is null. Evidence is in the following code.

<?php
unset($undefined);
$null = null;
if (
true === isset($undefined)){echo 'isset($undefined) === true'} else {echo 'isset($undefined) === false'); // 'isset($undefined) === false'
if (true === isset($null)){echo 'isset($null) === true'} else {echo 'isset($null) === false'); // 'isset($null) === false'
?>

2) If you want to distinguish undefined variable with a defined variable with a null value, then use array_key_exist

<?php
unset($undefined);
$null = null;

if (
true !== array_key_exists('undefined', get_defined_vars())) {echo '$undefined does not exist';} else {echo '$undefined exists';} // '$undefined does not exist'
if (true === array_key_exists('null', get_defined_vars())) {echo '$null exists';} else {echo '$null does not exist';} // '$null exists'
?>
up
10
packard_bell_nec at hotmail dot com
16 years ago
Note: isset() only checks variables as anything else will result in a parse error. In other words, the following will not work: isset(trim($name)).

isset() is the opposite of is_null($var) , except that no warning is generated when the variable is not set.
up
8
Ashus
16 years ago
Note that array keys are case sensitive.

<?php
$ar
['w'] = true;

var_dump(isset($ar['w']),
isset(
$ar['W']));
?>

will report:
bool(true) bool(false)
up
8
Andrew Penry
19 years ago
The following is an example of how to test if a variable is set, whether or not it is NULL. It makes use of the fact that an unset variable will throw an E_NOTICE error, but one initialized as NULL will not.

<?php

function var_exists($var){
if (empty(
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err'])) {
return
true;
} else {
unset(
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err']);
return
false;
}
}

function
var_existsHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err'] = true;
}

$l = NULL;
set_error_handler("var_existsHandler", E_NOTICE);
echo (
var_exists($l)) ? "True " : "False ";
echo (
var_exists($k)) ? "True " : "False ";
restore_error_handler();

?>

Outputs:
True False

The problem is, the set_error_handler and restore_error_handler calls can not be inside the function, which means you need 2 extra lines of code every time you are testing. And if you have any E_NOTICE errors caused by other code between the set_error_handler and restore_error_handler they will not be dealt with properly. One solution:

<?php

function var_exists($var){
if (empty(
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err'])) {
return
true;
} else {
unset(
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err']);
return
false;
}
}

function
var_existsHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
$filearr = file($errfile);
if (
strpos($filearr[$errline-1], 'var_exists') !== false) {
$GLOBALS['var_exists_err'] = true;
return
true;
} else {
return
false;
}
}

$l = NULL;
set_error_handler("var_existsHandler", E_NOTICE);
echo (
var_exists($l)) ? "True " : "False ";
echo (
var_exists($k)) ? "True " : "False ";
is_null($j);
restore_error_handler();

?>

Outputs:
True False
Notice: Undefined variable: j in filename.php on line 26

This will make the handler only handle var_exists, but it adds a lot of overhead. Everytime an E_NOTICE error happens, the file it originated from will be loaded into an array.
up
5
francois vespa
14 years ago
Now this is how to achieve the same effect (ie, having isset() returning true even if variable has been set to null) for objects and arrays

<?php

// array

$array=array('foo'=>null);

return isset(
$array['foo']) || array_key_exists('foo',$array)
?
true : false ; // return true

return isset($array['inexistent']) || array_key_exists('inexistent',$array)
?
true : false ; // return false

// static class

class bar

{
static
$foo=null;
}

return isset(
bar::$foo) || array_key_exists('foo',get_class_vars('bar'))
?
true : false ; // return true

return isset(bar::$inexistent) || array_key_exists('inexistent',get_class_vars('bar'))
?
true : false ; // return false

// object

class bar
{
public
$foo=null;
}

$bar=new bar();

return isset(
$bar->foo) || array_key_exists('foo',get_object_vars($bar))
?
true : false ; // return true

return isset($bar->inexistent) || array_key_exists('inexistent',get_object_vars($bar))
?
true : false ; // return true

// stdClass

$bar=new stdClass;
$bar->foo=null;

return isset(
$bar->foo) || array_key_exists('foo',get_object_vars($bar))
?
true : false ; // return true

return isset($bar->inexistent) || array_key_exists('inexistent',get_object_vars($bar))
?
true : false ; // return true

?>
up
2
andreasonny83 at gmail dot com
9 years ago
Here is an example with multiple parameters supplied

<?php
$var
= array();
$var['val1'] = 'test';
$var['val2'] = 'on';

if ( isset(
$var['val1'], $var['val2'] ) && $var['val2'] === 'on' ) {
unset(
$var['val1'] );
}
print_r( $var );
?>

This will output:
Array
(
[val2] => on
)

The following code does the same calling "isset" 2 times:

<?php
$var
= array();
$var['val1'] = 'test';
$var['val2'] = 'on';

if ( isset(
$var['val1'] ) && isset( $var['val2'] ) && $var['val2'] === 'on' ) {
unset(
$var['val1'] );
}
print_r( $var );
?>
up
0
eckoson at gmail dot com
1 year ago
If you are annoyed by the behavior of isset() concerning null values, here is a handy function for you. its similar to array_key_exists but, its a lot more flexible and can check for multiple array keys across multiple arrays.
Not recursive!
Tested on php 8.1.6, linux
<?php
/**
* is_set
* @author DJ Eckoson
* @link @eckosongh Facebook Page
* checks whether variable names are set within the global space or they exists as an key and return if they are set (even if their values are null)
* @param string $var_name
* name of the first variable to check
* @param array|null|string
* optional array to check for key (if null, checks from $GLOBALS) OR
* other variable names to check OR
* other variable names and their associated arrays to their right (use null for global variables, optional if its the last parameter)
* check examples below
*/
function is_set(string $var_name, array|null|string ... $args): bool {
$vars[$var_name] = null;
if (
array_key_exists(0, $args)) {
if (
is_array($args[0])) {
$vars[$var_name] = $args[0];
} elseif (
is_string($args[0])) {
goto
main;
}
unset(
$args[0]);
}
main:
if (
$args) {
$args = array_reverse($args);
$cur_array = null;
array_walk($args, function ($value) use (&$cur_array, &$vars): void {
if (!
is_string($value)) {
$cur_array = $value;
} else {
$vars[$value] = $cur_array;
}
});
}
foreach (
$vars as $name => $array) {
if (!
array_key_exists($name, $array??$GLOBALS)) return false;
}
return
true;
}

// Examples
$arr1 = range(0, 5);
$arr2 = [
'a' => 1,
'b' => 2,
'c' => 'hELLO wORLD!'
];
$gender = 'male';
$age = 12;
var_dump(is_set('age')); // true
var_dump(is_set('age', null)); // true
var_dump(is_set('age', $arr1)); // false
var_dump(is_set('age', array())); // false
var_dump(is_set('age', array('age' => 48))); // true
var_dump(is_set('age', 'arr1', null, 'b', $arr2, 0, 3, 4, $arr1, 'gender')); // true
var_dump(is_set('age', 'arr1', null, 'b', $arr2, 0, 3, 4, $arr1, 'gender', null)); // true

$c=$d=$e=$a=2;
$arr = [1,4];
var_dump(is_set('a', 'c', null, 0, 1, $arr)); // true
var_dump(is_set('a', 'c', null, 0, 4, $arr)); // false
?>
Note:
it won't work for variables declared locally inside a function;
however you can use it for checking if array keys exists inside a function