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    metaphone

    (PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    metaphone — 文字列の metaphone キーを計算する

    説明

    metaphone(string $string, int $max_phonemes = 0): string

    string の metaphone キーを計算します。

    soundex() と同様に metaphone は、 発音が似た単語について同じキーを作成します。metaphone は、 英語の発音の基本的ルールを知っているので、 soundex() よりも正確です。 metaphone が生成するキーは可変長です。

    metaphone は、Lawrence Philips <lphilips at verity dot com> により 開発されました。["Practical Algorithms for Programmers", Binstock & Rex, Addison Wesley, 1995] で解説されています。

    パラメータ

    string

    入力文字列。

    max_phonemes

    このパラメータは、返される metaphone キーの長さを最大 max_phonemes 文字 までに制限します。 しかし、phonemes は完全に書き換えられるので、 結果の文字列の長さは、max_phonemes よりも少し長くなります。 デフォルト値の 0 は、無制限であることを意味します。

    戻り値

    metaphone キーを文字列で返します。

    変更履歴

    バージョン 説明
    8.0.0 この関数は、失敗時に false を返さなくなりました。

    例

    例1 metaphone() の基本的な例

    <?php
    var_dump    (metaphone('programming'));
    var_dump(metaphone('programmer'));
    ?>

    上の例の出力は以下となります。

    string(7) "PRKRMNK"
string(6) "PRKRMR"

    例2 phonemes パラメータの使用例

    <?php
    var_dump    (metaphone('programming', 5));
    var_dump(metaphone('programmer', 5));
    ?>

    上の例の出力は以下となります。

    string(5) "PRKRM"
string(5) "PRKRM"

    例3 phonemes 引数を使う

    この例では、 metaphone() 関数は5文字の文字列を生成するように指定されていますが、 最後の音素を分割する必要がある ('x' は 'KS' に書き換えられるとします), ため、返される文字列は6文字になります。

    <?php
    var_dump    (metaphone('Asterix', 5));
    ?>

    上の例の出力は以下となります。

    string(6) "ASTRKS"

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    User Contributed Notes 4 notes

    up
    65
    mail at spam-off dot iaindooley dot com
    20 years ago
    you can use the metaphone function quite effectively with phrases by taking the levenshtein distances between two metaphone codes, and then taking this as a percentage of the length of the original metaphone code. thus you can define a percentage error, (say 20%) and accept only matches that are closer than that. i've found this works quite effectively in a function i am using on my website where an album name that the user entered is verified against existing album names that may be similar. this is also an excellent way of people being able to vaguely remember a phrase and get several suggestions out of the database. so you could type "i stiched nine times" with an error percentage of, say, 50 and still get 'a stitch in time saves nine' back as a match.
    up
    22
    Vipindas K.S
    16 years ago
    metaphone
    =======================
    The metaphone() function can be used for spelling applications.This function returns the metaphone key of the string on success, or FALSE on failure.Its main use is when you are searching a genealogy database. check to see if a metaphone search is offered. It is also useful in making/searching family tree.
    Given below is a simple code that calculates and compares two strings to find whether its metaphone codes are equivalent.

    html code
    ==========
    <html>
    <body>
    <form action="test.php" name="test" method="get">
    Name1:<input type="text" name="name1" /><br />
    Name2:<input type="text" name="name2" /><br />
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="compare" />
    </form>

    <!--php code begins here -->

    <?php
    if(isset($_GET['submit']))
    {
    $str1 = $_GET['name1'];
    $str2 = $_GET['name2'];
    $meta_one=metaphone($str1);
    $meta_two=metaphone($str2);
    echo     "metaphone code for ".$str1." is ". $meta_one;
    echo     "<br />";
    echo     "metaphone code for ".$str2." is ". $meta_two."<br>";
    if(    $meta_one==$meta_two)
    {
    echo     "metaphone codes are matching";
    }
    else
    {
    echo     "metaphone codes are not matching";
    }
    }
    ?>

    </body>
    </html>

    Metaphone algorithm was developed by Lawrence Philips.

    Lawrence Philips' RULES follow:

    The 16 consonant sounds:
    |--- ZERO represents "th"
    |
    B X S K J T F H L M N P R 0 W Y

    Exceptions:

    Beginning of word: "ae-", "gn", "kn-", "pn-", "wr-" ----> drop first letter
    "Aebersold", "Gnagy", "Knuth", "Pniewski", "Wright"

    Beginning of word: "x" ----> change to "s"
    as in "Deng Xiaopeng"

    Beginning of word: "wh-" ----> change to "w"
    as in "Whalen"

    Transformations:

    B ----> B unless at the end of word after "m", as in "dumb", "McComb"

    C ----> X (sh) if "-cia-" or "-ch-"
    S if "-ci-", "-ce-", or "-cy-"
    SILENT if "-sci-", "-sce-", or "-scy-"
    K otherwise, including in "-sch-"

    D ----> J if in "-dge-", "-dgy-", or "-dgi-"
    T otherwise

    F ----> F

    G ----> SILENT if in "-gh-" and not at end or before a vowel
    in "-gn" or "-gned"
    in "-dge-" etc., as in above rule
    J if before "i", or "e", or "y" if not double "gg"
    K otherwise

    H ----> SILENT if after vowel and no vowel follows
    or after "-ch-", "-sh-", "-ph-", "-th-", "-gh-"
    H otherwise

    J ----> J

    K ----> SILENT if after "c"
    K otherwise

    L ----> L

    M ----> M

    N ----> N

    P ----> F if before "h"
    P otherwise

    Q ----> K

    R ----> R

    S ----> X (sh) if before "h" or in "-sio-" or "-sia-"
    S otherwise

    T ----> X (sh) if "-tia-" or "-tio-"
    0 (th) if before "h"
    silent if in "-tch-"
    T otherwise

    V ----> F

    W ----> SILENT if not followed by a vowel
    W if followed by a vowel

    X ----> KS

    Y ----> SILENT if not followed by a vowel
    Y if followed by a vowel

    Z ----> S
    up
    15
    php at casadebender dot com
    16 years ago
    A double metaphone pecl module is available: http://pecl.php.net/package/doublemetaphone
    up
    9
    Ray.Paseur often uses Gmail
    11 years ago
    Metaphone() apparently ignores non-English characters. Comparing Plaçe TO Place yields "PL" and "PLS." A similar result comes from soundex().
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