shm_attach
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
shm_attach — 共有メモリセグメントを作成またはオープンする
説明
shm_attach() は ID を返します。
これは、指定されたキー key
で System V 共有メモリにアクセスする際に使用することが可能です。
最初のコールの際に、サイズが size、
オプションのパーミッション permissions
を指定した共有メモリセグメントを作成します。
同じ key で
shm_attach() を 2 回コールした場合は
別の SysvSharedMemory インスタンスが返されますが、
両方のインスタンスは同じ共有メモリをアクセスします。
size および
permissions は無視されます。
パラメータ
key-
共有メモリセグメント ID を表す数値。
size-
メモリのサイズ。省略した場合のデフォルトは php.ini の
sysvshm.init_mem、あるいは 10000 バイトとなります。 permissions-
オプションのパーミッション設定。デフォルトは 0666 です。
戻り値
成功時には、SysvSharedMemory クラスのインスタンスを返します。
失敗した場合に false を返します
変更履歴
| バージョン | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 | 成功時に、この関数は SysvSharedMemory クラスのインスタンスを返すようになりました。 これより前のバージョンでは、リソースが返されていました。 |
| 8.0.0 |
size は、nullable になりました。
|
＋add a note
User Contributed Notes 24 notes
Uther Pendragon ¶
17 years ago
Since there aren't seperate functions for CREATING and ATTACHING shared memory (a mistake in my opinion), you might want to do some testing to check whether you've created it or not, as you may not want the slave of a master/slave pair to ever create the shared memory.
One way you can test this is by having your slave set the size to something small, then testing the size by putting a variable too large to fit, e.g.:
function get_shmem() {
return shm_attach(ftok('somefile.txt', 'T'), 100, 0644);
}
$shm = get_shmem();
while (!@shm_put_var($shm, 1, str_repeat('.....', 20))) {
shm_remove($shm);
sleep(1);
//we created it, so we'll remove it and sleep to wait for the master to create it, then try again.
$shm = get_shmem();
}
shm_remove_var($shm, 1);
//here we know the shared memory was already created, because we could put a variable in bigger than the size requested.
Another way you can handle it is to have all programs initialize the shared memory with the same parameters... I had a problem with this when my clients starting too fast and created the shmem without passing a memsize value, so it was defaulting to 10k which was too small.
novayear # hotmail ; com ¶
10 years ago
small shm class..
example usage:
$shx= new shmSmart;
$shx->put("key_name_apple","key_val_peach"); //set example..
$shx->put("key name alternative array",array(1=>"banana","apricot","blablabla"=>array("new-blaala"))); //set array example..
echo $shx->get("key_name_apple"); // get example key value.
$shx->del("key_name_apple"); // delete key
unset($shx); // free memory in php..
class shmSmart{
public $shm; //holds shared memory resource
public function __construct(){
if(function_exists("shm_attach")===FALSE){
die("\nYour PHP configuration needs adjustment. See: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/shmop.setup.php. To enable the System V shared memory support compile PHP with the option --enable-sysvshm.");
}
$this->attach(); //create resources (shared memory)
}
public function attach(){
$this->shm=shm_attach(0x701da13b,33554432); //allocate shared memory
}
public function dettach(){
return shm_detach($this->shm); //allocate shared memory
}
public function remove(){
return shm_remove($this->shm); //dallocate shared memory
}
public function put($key,$var) {
return shm_put_var($this->shm,$this->shm_key($key),$var); //store var
}
public function get($key){
if($this->has($key)){
return shm_get_var($this->shm,$this->shm_key($key)); //get var
}else{
return false;
}
}
public function del($key){
if($this->has($key)){
return shm_remove_var($this->shm,$this->shm_key($key)); // delete var
}else{
return false;
}
}
public function has($key){
if(shm_has_var($this->shm,$this->shm_key($key))){ // check is isset
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
public function shm_key($val){ // enable all world langs and chars !
return preg_replace("/[^0-9]/","",(preg_replace("/[^0-9]/","",md5($val))/35676248)/619876); // text to number system.
}
public function __wakeup() {
$this->attach();
}
public function __destruct() {
$this->dettach();
unset($this);
}
}
Uther Pendragon ¶
17 years ago
As a follow-up to my last post regarding shm_attach and its limit capability for knowing how it was created....
for more control, use the shmop_* series of functions, as they have finer grained control than these.
and by the way: the SHMOP functions SHOULD BE listed under "see also" for all the SHM* wrapper functions (I assume they are wrappers to the SHMOP* functions).
h dot raaf at i-k-c dot net ¶
25 years ago
Notice that 'int key' for shared-memory is shared with the keys used for semaphores. So you get in trouble when you use the same key value for semaphores and shared memory!
nathanbruer at gmail dot com ¶
13 years ago
I was playing around with these functions and made a class in the process. This will of course be slower than accessing a variable locally, but gives the ability to store variables in a shared environment and gives many running scripts the understanding that it should access them from the shared area. This should also auto destroy the shared memory area once no more scripts have a link to the data (when all scripts use this class).
<?php
class SharedMemory{
private $nameToKey = array();
private $key;
private $id;
function __construct($key = null){
if($key === null){
$tmp = tempnam('/tmp', 'PHP');
$this->key = ftok($tmp, 'a');
$this->id = shm_attach($this->key);
$this->nameToKey[] = '';
$this->nameToKey[] = '';
$this->updateMemoryVarList();
shm_put_var($this->id, 1, 1);
}else{
$this->key = $key;
$this->id = sem_get($this->key);
$this->refreshMemoryVarList();
shm_put_var($this->id, 1, shm_get_var($this->id, 1) + 1);
}
if(!$this->id)
die('Unable to create shared memory segment');
}
function __sleep(){
shm_detach($this->id);
}
function __destruct(){
if(shm_get_var($this->id, 1) == 1){
// I am the last listener so kill shared memory space
$this->remove();
}else{
shm_detach($this->id);
shm_put_var($this->id, 1, shm_get_var($this->id, 1) - 1);
}
}
function __wakeup(){
$this->id = sem_get($this->key);
shm_attach($this->id);
$this->refreshMemoryVarList();
shm_put_var($this->id, 1, shm_get_var($this->id, 1) + 1);
}
function getKey(){
return $this->key;
}
function remove(){
shm_remove($this->id);
}
function refreshMemoryVarList(){
$this->nameToKey = shm_get_var($this->id, 0);
}
function updateMemoryVarList(){
shm_put_var($this->id, 0, $this->nameToKey);
}
function __get($var){
if(!in_array($var, $this->nameToKey)){
$this->refreshMemoryVarList();
}
return shm_get_var($this->id, array_search($var, $this->nameToKey));
}
function __set($var, $val){
if(!in_array($var, $this->nameToKey)){
$this->refreshMemoryVarList();
$this->nameToKey[] = $var;
$this->updateMemoryVarList();
}
shm_put_var($this->id, array_search($var, $this->nameToKey), $val);
}
}
// Example
$sharedMem = new SharedMemory();
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if($pid){
//parent
sleep(1);
echo "Parent Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
echo "Parent Changed to 0\n";
$sharedMem->a = 0;
//Parent just changed it to 0
echo "Parent Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
sleep(2);
// Parent think's it's 0, but child has changed it to 1
echo "Parent Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
}else{
//child
$sharedMem->a = 2;
echo "Child Changed to 2\n";
// Should be 2 as child just set it to 2
echo "Child Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
sleep(2);
// Child think's it's 2, but the parent set it to 0.
echo "Child Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
echo "Child Added 1\n";
$sharedMem->a++;
echo "Child Says: " . $sharedMem->a . "\n";
}
?>
Daniel Knecht ¶
10 years ago
If you get an error like "PHP Warning: shm_attach(): failed for key 0x61040bb5: Cannot allocate memory" then you might need to tweak your shared memory configuration.
To see your system values, enter "sysctl kern.sysv."
Important values are kern.sysv.shmmax and kern.sysv.shmall:
* kern.sysv.shmmax is the max number of bytes one shared memory segment may have
* kern.sysv.shmall is the max number of memory pages all shared memory segments together can consume
One memory page is 4096 bytes, meaning that if you set kern.sysv.shmmax to 1073741824 (1GB) then kern.sysv.shmall must be at least 262144 to be able to allocate a one GB memory segment (since 262144 * 4096 = 1073741824).
tl;dr The default values on some systems are very low and then it is not enough to only increase kern.sysv.shmmax - also kern.sysv.shmall needs to be increased accordingly!
webmaster at mail dot communityconnect dot com ¶
25 years ago
With Sun Solaris 2.x, the MAXIMUM shared memory value allowed is 1,048,576. The maximum allowed value can be determined using the command /usr/sbin/sysdef. On Linux, there does not seem to be any system enforced maximum size. To change the maximum allowed size on Solaris 2.x, use set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax=[new value].
zeppelinux at comcast dot net ¶
16 years ago
<?php
//how to calculate the minimum $memsize required to store the variable $foo where $foo='foobar'.
// when shm_attach() is called for the first time, PHP writes a header to the beginning of the shared memory.
$shmHeaderSize = (PHP_INT_SIZE * 4) + 8;
// when shm_put_var() is called, the variable is serialized and a small header is placed in front of it before it is written to shared memory.
$shmVarSize = (((strlen(serialize($foo))+ (4 * PHP_INT_SIZE)) /4 ) * 4 ) + 4;
// now add the two together to get the total memory required. Of course, if you are storing more than one variable then you dont need to add $shmHeaderSize for each variable, only add it once.
$memsize = $shmHeaderSize + $shmVarSize;
//this will give you just enough memory to store the one variable using shm_put_var().
$shm_id = shm_attach ( $key, $memsize, 0666 ) ;
shm_put_var ( $shm_id , $variable_key , $foo );
any attempt to store another variable will result in a 'not enough memory' error.
Be aware that if you change the contents of $foo to a larger value and then you try to write it to shared memory again using shm_put_var(), then you will get a 'not enough memory' error. In this case, you will have to resize your shared memory segment and then write the new value.
If you are only storing variables that contain a single integer value, then you can avoid having to resize by always allocating the largest amount of memory that is required to store an int, which should be:
$shmIntVarSize = (((strlen(serialize(PHP_INT_MAX))+ (4 * PHP_INT_SIZE)) /4 ) * 4 ) + 4;
?>
hetii at poczta dot onet dot pl ¶
16 years ago
Hi :)
I write small class for build bright message between my application.
<?
class Bright_Message
{
var $bright;
var $SHM_KEY;
var $my_pid;
function Bright_Message($SHM_KEY=null)
{
$this->my_pid = getmypid();//Get own pid
if (is_null($SHM_KEY)) $this->SHM_KEY = '123123123';
$this->bright = shm_attach($this->SHM_KEY, 1024, 0666);
$this->one_instance();
}
function get_msg($id,$remove=true)
{
if(@$msg=shm_get_var($this->bright,$id))
{
if ($remove) @shm_remove_var($this->bright,$id);
return $msg;
} else return false;
}
function snd_msg($id,$msg)
{
@shm_put_var($this->bright,$id,$msg);
return true;
}
function one_instance()
{
$SHM_PID = $this->get_msg(1,false);
if((strpos(exec('ps p'.$SHM_PID),$_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'])) === false)
$this->snd_msg(1,$this->my_pid); else
{
echo "This program exists on pid: $SHM_PID\r\n\r\n";
exit;
}
}
}
?>
send.php:
<?
include "bridge_message.class.php";
$shm = new Bright_Message();
$shm->snd_msg(2,'this is my simple message');
?>
receive.php:
<?
include "bridge_message.class.php";
$shm = new Bright_Message();
$msg = get_msg(2);
echo print_r($msg,1);
?>
jpeter1978 at yahoo dot com ¶
17 years ago
I tried all the suggestions above for getting the object size (in bytes) for $memsize, but they didn't work universally for the two types of objects I tried (string and array of strings).
After doing some googling and experimenting, I've found the following magic formula:
$memsize = ( strlen( serialize( $object ) ) + 44 ) * 2;
I found this in someone else's code, so I can't explain it.
Katzenmeier ¶
18 years ago
The limit for one SHM block seems to be 32 MB, but you can split your data in several SHM blocks if you need to. The total SHM limit seems to be about 8 GB.
I'm not sure whether this is true for all configurations.
muytoloco at yahoo dot com dot br ¶
18 years ago
If one process make a shm_attach to one inexistent memory area, this area will be created under the same priviliegies of the script running user. If another process will try to create or acces the same area, runnig by other user with different privileges of the first user, an error will occur.
rch at todo dot com dot uy ¶
19 years ago
Cecil, the key of a var is an integer (not the name ). You can put multiples vars in the same share.
#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?PHP
$SHM_KEY = ftok(__FILE__, chr( 4 ) );
$data = shm_attach($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0666);
$test1 = array("hello","world","1","2","3");
$test2 = array("hello","world","4","5","6");
$test3 = array("hello","world","7","8","9");
shm_put_var($data, 1, $test1);
shm_put_var($data, 2,$test2);
shm_put_var($data, 3,$test3);
print_r(shm_get_var($data, 1));
print_r(shm_get_var($data, 2));
print_r(shm_get_var($data, 3));
shm_detach($data);
?>
andreyKEINSPAM at php dot net ¶
20 years ago
As far as I see from the sources of ext/sysvshm, it's not needed to do arithmetic (bit) OR (|) of "perm" with IPC_CREAT (and IPC_EXCL). The extension will do it for you. It tries to attach to the memory segment and if the try did not succeed it tries to attach but with flags set to user_flag | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL.
The exact code (shm_flag is the third param to the function) :
if ((shm_id = shmget(shm_key, 0, 0)) < 0) {
if (shm_size < sizeof(sysvshm_chunk_head)) {
php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "failed for key 0x%x: memorysize too small", shm_key);
efree(shm_list_ptr);
RETURN_FALSE;
}
if ((shm_id = shmget(shm_key, shm_size, shm_flag | IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL)) < 0) {
php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "failed for key 0x%x: %s", shm_key, strerror(errno));
efree(shm_list_ptr);
RETURN_FALSE;
}
}
Cecil ¶
20 years ago
Here is an example of how to use one shared memory block to store multiple variables or arrays.. unfortunetly in order to store more than ONE variable, you have to use sem_get() multiple times.. same goes for shm_attach(), shm_put_var() and shm_get_var()
#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?PHP
// test.php
$SHM_KEY = ftok(__FILE__,'A');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$shmid2 = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$shmid3 = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);
$data2 = shm_attach($shmid2, 1024);
$data3 = shm_attach($shmid3, 1024);
$test = array("hello","world","1","2","3");
$test2 = array("hello","world","4","5","6");
$test3 = array("hello","world","7","8","9");
shm_put_var($data,$inmem,$test);
shm_put_var($data2,$inmem2,$test2);
shm_put_var($data3,$inmem3,$test3);
print_r(shm_get_var($data,$inmem));
print_r(shm_get_var($data2,$inmem2));
print_r(shm_get_var($data3,$inmem3));
shm_detach($data);
shm_detach($data2);
shm_detach($data2);
?>
to REALLY test it.. create a second script like so and run it..
#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?PHP
// test2.php
$SHM_KEY = ftok(__FILE__,'A');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$shmid2 = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$shmid3 = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);
$data2 = shm_attach($shmid2, 1024);
$data3 = shm_attach($shmid3, 1024);
print_r(shm_get_var($data,$inmem));
print_r(shm_get_var($data2,$inmem2));
print_r(shm_get_var($data3,$inmem3));
shm_detach($data);
shm_detach($data2);
shm_detach($data2);
?>
As you can see, test2.php doesn't insert anything into shared memory.. yet it pulls out 3 totally different arrays already stored..
Hope that helps.. took me a bit to get it right.. everyone seems to have their own idea of how shm should be used. lol.
BTW, not sure how the ftok works to be honest, cause I didn't change the __FILE__ to match the file path of test.php or anything.. I would think that the file path out have to be the exact same to work correctly.. oh well, it worked as-is! haha..
- Cecil
eric at superstats dot com ¶
25 years ago
Objects are stored serialized in shm_put_var, so to find a value for memsize, you can use strlen(serialize($object_to_store_in_shm)).
bobhairgrove ¶
6 years ago
Under the "Notes" section, it is stated that one can cast the resource ID returned by shm_attach() to an integer as of PHP 5.3.0; however, this will NOT be the same integer as the shmid value which is returned from the native SysV function shmget() on Linux (as I was hoping it might be). The integer returned by casting is merely the ID number of the resource, which is totally useless outside of the context of these functions, AFAICT.
To verify this, one can allocate a memory block with shm_attach() (or shmop_open()), print out the resource returned and compare it to the value in the "shmid" column when running "ipcs" in a terminal on Linux (or some other *nix OS).
somepay at gmail dot com ¶
14 years ago
In my log I have found string
"shm_attach(): failed for key 0x366f: No space left on device"
But have not found any suggestion for this at php.net and at google.
So question was how to make free memory used by shm_attach .
At first to view (Linux) how many segments allocated, use
:~# ipcs -mu
then
limits
:~# ipcs -ml
to remove segment use:
:~# ipcrm -m [shmid]
otherwise you can reboot server, or launch sh script based on commands above.
To avoid troubles with "No space left on device" ALWAYS use
shm_remove() & shm_detach() after call shm_attach().