Gettext 関数
目次
- _ — のエイリアス gettext
- bind_textdomain_codeset — DOMAIN メッセージカタログから返されるメッセージの文字エンコーディングを設定/取得する
- bindtextdomain — ドメインのパスを取得/設定する
- dcgettext — 単一の参照に関するドメインを上書きする
- dcngettext — dcgettext の複数形版
- dgettext — 現在のドメインを上書きする
- dngettext — dgettext の複数形版
- gettext — 現在のドメインのメッセージを参照する
- ngettext — gettext の複数形版
- textdomain — デフォルトドメインを設定する
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User Contributed Notes 37 notes
jeremy at jeremy dot se dot nospam ¶
17 years ago
As some of you have mentioned, you must have the locales compiled on your system first. How this is done is depending on your system/distribution *sigh*
In every case you need to have gettext installed on your system. Users running a Linux with a recent version of libc will have gettext in libc already.
Here's an example for those of you running Ubuntu Edgy.
First of all, have a look in /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED, here are the locales that are supported on your system. To compile a locale we will use the command "locale-gen". ("man 8 locale-gen" is good reading)
This command reads configuration from files in the folder /var/lib/locales/supported.d/ In these files the locales and charsets are defined.
If we take swedish as an example, start by creating a file called "sv" in /var/lib/locales/supported.d/ and then put in something like "sv_SE.UTF8 UTF8" (without the " ") This says that we want the locale sv_SE to be built with charmap UTF-8. Check the file /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED for other alternatives.
Now we run "locale-gen" which will compile all locales defined in /var/lib/locales/supported.d/ and put them in /usr/lib/locales (yes that's a lot of locations...)
Now you're ready to go...
Create a php-file (e.g. hello.php) where all strings you want to translate are surrounded with _("string here");
next run "xgettext hello.php", this creates a file called messages.po, which is you translation-file (pot). Change the "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" in this file and replace CHARSET with UTF-8 in this case. Next translate all strings like this.
#: hello.php:3
msgid "hello!"
msgstr "hej!"
Save and use the command "msgfmt -o hello.mo messages.po" which will create a compiled .mo file called hello.mo
This file is then placed in a directory structure somewhere your Apache can read it. The structure looks like this:
"locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/hello.mo"
Next, let php know what we're doing. We point to where we have our translations. Add the following at the top of hello.php
bindtextdomain('hello','/somepath/locale');
This binds the file hello.mo to the locale/ directory you created.
Then set the locale. LC_ALL tells that we want everything translated. Might not be good at all times, as another person here suggested.
setlocale(LC_ALL, "sv_SE.UTF-8");
Finally select the that we want to use hello.mo
textdomain('hello');
That should be it! Try it out..
If you get any problems try restarting Apache as it seems to cache the locales.
If you are running command line you might have to set the environment variable LANGUAGE to your locale as well. I didn't have to do that to get it working in apache though, but you might...
putenv("LANGUAGE=sv_SE.UTF-8");
C Snover ¶
18 years ago
I think that it bears mentioning that most documentation and tutorials you will find say that you should setenv(LC_ALL, $locale), but this only works IF THE LOCALE IS VALID ON THE LOCAL MACHINE. If you are using a locale that does not exist on the system or is not valid (like something returned from the HTTP Accept-Language header, such as 'ja', which is never a valid locale because it does not include the country code JP), you will probably be pulling your hair out for HOURS trying to figure out why the damn thing isn't working.
What I have found is that setting the LANGUAGE variable (eg. setenv("LANGUAGE=$locale")) will allow gettext to search inside your locale directories, even if the locale is not actually valid on the local system.
So, to summarize:
This will work:
<?php
$locale = 'ja'; // Pretend this came from the Accept-Language header
$locale_dir = './locale'; // your .po and .mo files should be at $locale_dir/$locale/LC_MESSAGES/messages.{po,mo}
putenv("LANGUAGE=$locale");
bindtextdomain('messages', $locale_dir);
textdomain('messages');
?>
This will not work:
<?php
$locale = 'ja';
$locale_dir = './locale';
putenv("LC_ALL=$locale");
bindtextdomain('messages', $locale_dir);
textdomain('messages');
?>
This will also not work:
<?php
$locale = 'ja';
$locale_dir = './locale';
setlocale(LC_ALL, $locale);
bindtextdomain('messages', $locale_dir);
textdomain('messages');
?>
Nor will this work:
<?php
$locale = 'ja';
$locale_dir = './locale';
setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, $locale);
bindtextdomain('messages', $locale_dir);
textdomain('messages');
?>
For reference, this was tested on PHP 5.1.2 + LigHTTPd 1.4.11 + gettext 0.14.5 on Ubuntu Dapper 6.06. It should be true for any variant of Linux, however, as well as older versions of these software packages.
analpaper{gmail} ¶
16 years ago
in response to richard:
i was using the wildcard * for sometime ago without problem, until today.
i used:
<?php bindtextdomain( '*', './locale' ); ?>
but it seems to fail under some environments (i dont know why, but in diff machines with same software the result is not always as expected)..
then, with:
<?php bindtextdomain( "*", './locale' ); ?>
all is nicely translated again.
i use single quotes always if possible, now there are another think to remember.
---
live2code
djogopatrao at gmail dot com ¶
18 years ago
Juan Liska, I found an alternative. Instead of renaming or adding a alias to the locale, I simply changed
$language = 'pt_BR';
to
$language = 'pt_BR.UTF-8';
putenv("LANG=$language");
setlocale(LC_ALL, $language)
and it did work fine!
konrads/smelkovs/gmail/com ¶
18 years ago
re LC_MESSAGES for windows users, LC_MESSAGES should be defi0ned as 5
Maxwel Leite -maxwelleite at gmail com- ¶
19 years ago
PHP-gettext is developed to be able to read gettext MO files directly, without requiring anything other than PHP:
https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/php-gettext/
kocio at irc dot pl ¶
20 years ago
Following three lines take about 0.5 second to execute (Debian, Celeron 2GHz, 256MB RAM):
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pl_PL');
bindtextdomain('my_domain', '../dir/' . 'locale');
textdomain('my_domain');
I think that such delay is important enough to be mentioned in the documentation. In my particular case, it means more than doubled execution time for the entire script.
dev.php at tfelber.net ¶
21 years ago
Check your
/etc/locales.aliases for "english en_GB.ISO-8859-1" (mentioned before)
and your
/etc/locales.gen for en_GB.ISO-8859-15 ISO-8859-15
I'm not sure if only this entry solved the problem. In my case this entry was made by an dpkg-reconfigure locales (debian), where i created the locales.
Translation only works with de_GE@euro and en_GB.ISO-8859-15 (first column in you locales.gen)
anim8 ¶
21 years ago
Even though in some cases setlocale() may require a country code in addition to the language code this does not mean that it is required for gettext.
If setlocale() is set to either es_ES or es_MX gettext() will still get the text from a po file in the 'es' folder.
It probably is not a good idea to go changing a systems alias file(s) just to avoid the verbosity of the ISO standard because:
a) you might break something
b) your code just lost it's portability
.
richard at hirner dot at ¶
18 years ago
the * wildcard doesn't work for me (php 5)... I have to use bindtextdomain for each textdomain
webmaster [at] ttw [dash] tool [dot] de ¶
18 years ago
If you want to use messages from multiple domains with .mo-files residing in non-standard locations remember to place a bindtextdomain()-call for each domain as "unbound" domains will be looked for in the standard location (usually "/usr/share/locale" on *nix)
<?php
bindtextdomain('foo','/some/dir/with/mo_files');
bindtextdomain('bar','/another/mo_file/dir');
echo dgettext('foo','Text to be translated using the foo-catalog.');
echo dgettext('bar','Text from a different catalog named bar.');
?>
If all the .mo-files you are using reside in one and the same directory, you may use the "*"-wildcard like this:
<?php
bindtextdomain('*','/directory/with/all/mo_files');
?>
This code was tested on PHP 5.1.4
info at adaniels dot nl ¶
18 years ago
As stated by robert at klugher dot com:
The environment setting 'LANGUAGE' gets priority above any local setting. This means that changing LC_ALL/LC_MESSAGES and LANG as done in almost all examples, won't do anything.
So if you've done
<?php
$language = "nl_NL";
putenv("LANG=$language");
setlocale(LC_ALL, $language);
...
?>
but the text is still displayed in english. Try also setting the LANGUAGE variable.
<?php
$language = "nl_NL";
putenv("LANGUAGE=$language");
putenv("LANG=$language");
setlocale(LC_ALL, $language);
...
?>
birkholz at web dot de ¶
18 years ago
> stefan+usenet at froehlich dot priv dot at wrote at 5-May-2004 01:30:
> Reading the line
>
> <? php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE'); ?>
>
> here over and over again, I have to warn using it, as there are severe caveats.
> For certain locales, LC_NUMERIC swaps period and comma, which may e.g. lead to
> decimals silently stripped of numbers, when inserting rows into an SQL database.
>So DON'T do this, but use
>
> <? php setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, 'de_DE'); ?>
>
> instead, which does exactly what you want, without any nasty side effecs.
For all Windows-Users:
Be warned the LC_MESSAGES seems to be NOT set on Windows with PHP 5.1.2, so if you develope applications for a Linux-System and want to make it multi-language using gettext, you will get problems using LC_MESSAGES on your Windows-Developement-Box.
You can try to solve this problem by putting a
<?php if (!defined('LC_MESSAGES')) define('LC_MESSAGES', 6); ?>
to your script to get no warning if you pass LC_MESSAGES to the setlocale()-function.
Juan Liska ¶
19 years ago
if you're having trouble with setlocale (if it's returning false) on ubuntu or debian:
nano /etc/locale.gen
make sure that the locales taht you want are in the list, if not, add them. for instance, i wanted es_GT (b/c i have an app that must run on redhat and debian, i cant change to es_GT.UTF-8) so, add:
es_GT UTF-8
then run:
locale-gen
you now have the locales you want, not just the ones the system magically came with
milky#users:sf/net ¶
19 years ago
There exists an emulation for the gettext functions - obviously slower than the native binding, but can be used on shared servers which lack the extension. It is believed to be rather useful as fallback (comes already encapsulated with if-function_exists checks).
See the ext/ directory in the [ http://freshmeat.net/p/upgradephp ] tarball. Support for plural translations isn't there, because that is too hard to get reimplemented reliably.
zixia at zixia dot net ¶
20 years ago
If gettext does not work with your locale, ie 'zh_CN', just going to see if the output of command "localedef --list-archive" contains your locale('zh_CN' in this example).
If it not, try to use a exist locale or use "localedef" to create one: "localedef -f GBK -i zh_CN zh_CN" in my case.
wouter at grep dot be ¶
21 years ago
Of course, translation is only interesting if you provide the user with the language and encoding he asks for. Since there's part of the HTTP protocol that allows you to specify that, it's nice if one can use that information to pick the 'right' translation out of the ones you have available.
I wrote something that does just that -- it parses the 'Accept-Language' and 'Accept-Charset' HTTP/1.1 headers, and tells you which one the user prefers out of a list you provide. You can download it at http://www.grep.be/articles/php-accept.php
Note that even if the user's browser may support this, the user may not know about it; as such, it's probably good practice not to remove links to other-languaged versions, so that people can still get a version of your site in another language if they so prefer.
jc ¶
21 years ago
I had a lot of problems getting gettext to work (RedHat 7.3). After reading ALL the comments in this manual, I got it to work OK.
In summary, take care that:
1) You use a full locale in the setlocale()
2) Your language_country exists in the /usr/share/locale/locale.alias
3) It seems that Apache needs to be restarted (a "graceful" did the trick for me)
4) Your .mo files must be named after the domain
My code:
$language = "es_ES";
$locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, $language);
$gettext_domain = 'messages';
bindtextdomain($gettext_domain, "/full/path/to/locale");
textdomain($gettext_domain);
Anonymous ¶
21 years ago
The way I got gettext to work with just a standard "de" or "fr" instead of "de_DE" was I overwrote my /usr/share/locale/locale.alias with /usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias file. The I restarted Apache. Reason I did this was it appeared the X11 file was more up to date and more modernised!