imagecolorclosest
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
imagecolorclosest — 指定した色に最も近い色のインデックスを取得する
説明
指定した RGB 値に「近い」 画像パレット中の色のインデックスを返します。
指定した色とパレット上の各色の「距離」は、 RGB 値が三次元空間上の点の座標を表すと考えて計算します。
画像をファイルから作成した場合は、画像内で使われている色だけを解決します。パレットにだけ存在する色は解決されません。
パラメータ
imageimagecreatetruecolor()のような画像作成関数が返す GdImage オブジェクト。
red-
赤コンポーネントの値。
green-
緑コンポーネントの値。
blue-
青コンポーネントの値。
戻り値
画像パレット内で、指定した色にいちばん近い色のインデックスを返します。
変更履歴
| バージョン | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 |
image は、
GdImage
クラスのインスタンスを期待するようになりました。
これより前のバージョンでは、有効な gd resource が期待されていました。
|
例
例1 画像内での色セットの検索
<?php
// 画像を作成し、パレット画像に変換します
$im = imagecreatefrompng('figures/imagecolorclosest.png');
imagetruecolortopalette($im, false, 255);
// 探したい色 (RGB)
$colors = array(
array(254, 145, 154),
array(153, 145, 188),
array(153, 90, 145),
array(255, 137, 92)
);
// それぞれを検索し、パレット内でもっとも近い色を見つけます
// 検索番号、検索した RGB、そして見つかった RGB を返します
foreach($colors as $id => $rgb)
{
$result = imagecolorclosest($im, $rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]);
$result = imagecolorsforindex($im, $result);
$result = "({$result['red']}, {$result['green']}, {$result['blue']})";
echo "#$id: Search ($rgb[0], $rgb[1], $rgb[2]); Closest match: $result.\n";
}
imagedestroy($im);
?>上の例の出力は、 たとえば以下のようになります。
#0: Search (254, 145, 154); Closest match: (252, 150, 148). #1: Search (153, 145, 188); Closest match: (148, 150, 196). #2: Search (153, 90, 145); Closest match: (148, 90, 156). #3: Search (255, 137, 92); Closest match: (252, 150, 92).
参考
- imagecolorexact() - 指定した色のインデックスを取得する
- imagecolorclosestalpha() - 指定した色+アルファ値に最も近い色のインデックスを取得する
- imagecolorclosesthwb() - 色合い、白、黒を有する色のインデックスを得る
＋add a note
User Contributed Notes 4 notes
info at codeworx dot ch ¶
13 years ago
Here is a function that compares two HEX colors for similarity. This can be useful if you want to detect colors that are not different enough to see for the naked eye. It returns a bool: TRUE if the colors are similar to each other (within tolerance) or FALSE if they are different enough.
I tested a few colors and came up with a tolerance of 35 (rgb value - should be between 0 and 255) but you can change that tolerance by passing a third parameter to the function.
<?php
function compareColors ($col1, $col2, $tolerance=35) {
$col1Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col1, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col1, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col1, 4, 2))
);
$col2Rgb = array(
"r" => hexdec(substr($col2, 0, 2)),
"g" => hexdec(substr($col2, 2, 2)),
"b" => hexdec(substr($col2, 4, 2))
);
return ($col1Rgb['r'] >= $col2Rgb['r'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['r'] <= $col2Rgb['r'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['g'] >= $col2Rgb['g'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['g'] <= $col2Rgb['g'] + $tolerance) && ($col1Rgb['b'] >= $col2Rgb['b'] - $tolerance && $col1Rgb['b'] <= $col2Rgb['b'] + $tolerance);
}
?>
Hayley Watson ¶
7 years ago
RGB space isn't the best choice for measuring the distance between two colours, since it ignores, for example, the fact that we count both dark green and light green as "green" (the RGB distance between #000000 and #7f7f7f is the same as the distance between #000000 and #5443c0 - a slightly darkened SlateBlue).
A better choice of colour space that conforms better to how colours are perceived is the so-called Lab space, which measures colours according to how light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue they are. (There are still better models, but they come at the expense of increased computation.)
<?php
function warp1($c)
{
if($c > 10.3148)
{
return pow((561 + 40*$c)/10761, 2.4);
}
else
{
return $c / 3294.6;
}
}
function warp2($c)
{
if($c > 0.008856)
{
return pow($c, 1/3);
}
else
{
return 7.787 * $c + 4/29;
}
}
function rgb2lab($rgb)
{
[$red, $green, $blue] = array_map('warp1', $rgb);
$x = warp2($red * 0.4339 + $green * 0.3762 + $blue * 0.1899);
$y = warp2($red * 0.2126 + $green * 0.7152 + $blue * 0.0722);
$z = warp2($red * 0.0178 + $green * 0.1098 + $blue * 0.8730);
$l = 116*$y - 16;
$a = 500 * ($x - $y);
$b = 200 * ($y - $z);
return array_map('intval', [$l, $a, $b]);
}
function generate_palette_from_image($image)
{
$pal = [];
$width = imagesx($image);
$height = imagesy($image);
for($x = 0; $x < $width; ++$x)
{
for($y = 0; $y < $height; ++$y)
{
$pal[] = imagecolorat($image, $x, $y);
}
}
return array_map(function($col)use($image)
{
$rgba = imagecolorsforindex($image, $col);
return [$rgba['red'], $rgba['green'], $rgba['blue']];
}, array_unique($pal));
}
function closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)
{
// Quick return when the exact
// colour is in the palette.
if(($idx = array_search($rgb, $palette)) !== false)
{
return $idx;
}
[$tl, $ta, $tb] = rgb2lab($rgb);
$dists = array_map(function($plab)use($tl, $ta, $tb)
{
[$pl, $pa, $pb] = $plab;
$dl = $pl - $tl;
$da = $pa - $ta;
$db = $pa - $tb;
return $dl * $dl + $da * $da + $db * $db;
}, array_map('rgb2lab', $palette));
return array_search(min($dists), $dists);
}
function closest_rgb_in_image($rgb, $image)
{
$palette = generate_palette_from_image($image);
return $palette[closest_rgb_in_palette($rgb, $palette)];
}
$lena = imagecreatefrompng('lena.png');
$red = closest_rgb_in_image([255,0,0],$lena);
echo join(' ', $red); // 228 71 82
?>
If you're going to be matching a lot of colours to a palette, you may want to precompute and reuse the Lab palette, instead of generating it fresh each time as done here.
MagicalTux at FF dot st ¶
19 years ago
A way to get each time an answer :
<?php
function imagegetcolor($im, $r, $g, $b) {
$c=imagecolorexact($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
$c=imagecolorallocate($im, $r, $g, $b);
if ($c!=-1) return $c;
return imagecolorclosest($im, $r, $g, $b);
}
?>
If the *exact* color is found in the image, it will be returned. If we don't have the exact color, we try to allocate it. If we can't allocate it, we return the closest color in the image.
Vikrant Korde <vakorde at hotmail dot com> ¶
21 years ago
This functuion is useful when you are dealing with previously present images like .png, .jpg, etc. You can use this function for writing a text on the image.
For me the function imagecolorallocate() was returning the -1 value. after lot of RnD and site search i found a function use of imagecolorclosest(). This solved my problem of writing the text on the image with customised color.
Actually previously it was writing on the image but the color was not distinct. It was using the same color as of that background image.
The following code segment was fine with me.
header ("Content-type: image/jpeg");
$im = imagecreatefromjpeg("BlankButton.jpg");
$white = imageColorClosest($im, 255,255,255);
// this is for TTF fonts
imagettftext ($im, 20, 0, 16, 30, $white, "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/luximb.ttf", "Vikrant");
//this is for notmal font
imagestring($im, 4, 0,0,"Korde", $white);
imagejpeg($im,"",150);
imagedestroy ($im);